Exercício Resolvido de Derivadas de Funções
d)
\( \displaystyle y=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x\;}} \)
\[ \bbox[#99CCFF,10px]
{f´(x)=\lim_{\Delta x\rightarrow 0}{\frac{f(x+\Delta x)-f(x)}{\Delta x}}}
\]
Temos
\( f(x+\Delta x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;}} \)
e
\( f(x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x\;}} \)
\[
y'=\lim_{\Delta x\rightarrow 0}{\frac{1}{\Delta x}}\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{x\;}}\right]=\lim_{\Delta x\rightarrow 0}{\frac{1}{\Delta x}}\left[\frac{\sqrt{x\;}-\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;}}{\sqrt{x\;}\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;}}\right]
\]
multiplicando o numerador e o denominador por
\( \sqrt{x\;}+\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;} \)
\[
\begin{align}
y' &=\lim_{\Delta x\rightarrow 0}{\frac{1}{\Delta x}}\left[\frac{\sqrt{x\;}-\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;}}{\sqrt{x\;}\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;}}.\frac{\sqrt{x\;}+\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;}}{\sqrt{x\;}+\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;}}\right]=\\[5pt]
&=\lim_{\Delta x\rightarrow 0}{\frac{1}{\Delta x}}\left[\frac{\left(\sqrt{x\;}\right)^{2}+\cancel{\sqrt{x\;}.\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;}}-\cancel{\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;}.\sqrt{x\;}}+\left(-\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;}\right).\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;}}{\sqrt{x\;}.\sqrt{x\;}\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;}+\sqrt{x\;}\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;}.\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;}}\right]=\\[5pt]
&=\lim_{\Delta x\rightarrow 0}{\frac{1}{\Delta x}}\left[\frac{x-\left(x+\Delta x\right)}{x\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;}+\sqrt{x\;}(x+\Delta x)}\right]=\lim_{\Delta x\rightarrow 0}{\frac{1}{\Delta x}}\left[\frac{\cancel{x}-\cancel{x}-\Delta x}{x\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;}+\sqrt{x\;}(x+\Delta x)}\right]=\\[5pt]
&=\lim_{\Delta x\rightarrow 0}{\frac{1}{\cancel{\Delta x}}}\left[\frac{-\cancel{\Delta x}}{x\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;}+\sqrt{x\;}(x+\Delta x)}\right]=\lim_{\Delta x\rightarrow 0}\left[-{\frac{1}{x\sqrt{x+\Delta x\;}+\sqrt{x\;}(x+\Delta x)}}\right]=\\[5pt]
&=\lim_{\Delta x\rightarrow 0}\left[-{\frac{1}{x\sqrt{x+0\;}+\sqrt{x\;}(x+0)}}\right]=-{\frac{1}{x\sqrt{x\;}+x\sqrt{x\;}}}=-{\frac{1}{2x\sqrt{x\;}}}
\end{align}
\]
\[ \bbox[#FFCCCC,10px]
{y'=-{\frac{1}{2x\sqrt{x\;}}}}
\]